hand muscles
The hand muscles are grouped into 3 regions:
- Lateral Palmar Region (Thenar)
- Medial Palmar Region (Hypothenar)
- Middle Palmar Region
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| Middle Palmar Region (11 Muscles) |
| lumbricals Palmares interosseous dorsal interossei |
Lateral Palmar Region (Thenar)
1. SHORT THUMB ABDUTOR
Proximal Insertion : Scaphoid, trapezius and flexor retinaculum
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation : Median Nerve (C8 - T1)
Action : Abduction and Flexion of the Thumb
2. SHORT THUMB FLEXOR
Proximal Insertion : Trapezius, trapezoid, capitate and flexor retinaculum
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation : Median Nerve and Ulnar Nerve
Action : Flexion of the MF of the Thumb
3. THUMB OPPONENT
Proximal Insertion : Trapezius and flexor retinaculum
Distal Insertion : 1st metacarpal
Innervation : Median Nerve (C8 and T1)
Action : Opposition (flexion + adduction + pronation)
4. THUMB ADDUTOR
Medial Insertion : 2nd and 3rd metacarpal and capitate
Lateral Insertion : Proximal phalanx of thumb
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 and T1)
Action : Thumb adduction
Medial Palmar Region (Hypothenar)
1. SHORT PALMAR
Proximal Insertion : Palmar aponeurosis
Distal Insertion : Deep layer of the dermis of the hypothenar eminence
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 and T1)
Action : Transverse folds in the Hypothenar Region
2. MINIMUM ABDUCT
Proximal Insertion : Pisiform and tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of little finger
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 and T1)
Action : Little finger abductor
3. MINIMUM OPPONENT
Proximal Insertion : Hamate hook and flexor retinaculum
Distal Insertion : 5th metacarpal
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 and T1)
Action : Minimum Opposition
4. MINIMUM SHORT FLEXOR
Proximal Insertion : Hamate hook and flexor retinaculum
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of little finger
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 and T1)
Action : Flexion of the MF of the Little Finger
Middle Palmar Region (11 Muscles)
LUMBRICALS (4 Muscles)
Proximal Insertion : Tendon of flexor digitorum profundus muscle
Distal Insertion : Tendon of the extensor digitorum muscle
Innervation : Median Nerve (1st and 2nd) and Ulnar Nerve (3rd and 4th) (C8 and T1)
Action : Flexion of the MF and Extension of the PIP and IFD of the 2nd to 5th fingers + proprioception of the fingers
PALM INTEROSSES (3 Muscles)
Acts on the 2nd, 4th and 5th fingers
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 – T1)
Action : Adduction of the Toes (brings the fingers together)
DORSAL INTEROSSES (4 Muscles)
Acts from 2nd to 5th fingers
Innervation : Ulnar Nerve (C8 – T1)
Action : Finger Abduction (pulls fingers apart)
| HAND MUSCLES deep dissection |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| HAND MUSCLES Superficial Dissection |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| HAND MUSCLES Palmares interosseous |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| HAND MUSCLES dorsal interossei |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| HAND MUSCLES lumbricals |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |