Foot Muscles
The foot muscles are grouped into 4 regions:
- Medial Plantar Region
- Lateral Plantar Region
- Middle Plantar Region
- Dorsal Region
| Medial Plantar Region | Lateral Plantar Region | |
| hallux abductor Flexor hallucis brevis Adductor hallucis | Minimal Abductor Minimal Short Flexor Minimum opponent | |
| Middle Plantar Region | Dorsal Region | |
| Short Flexor (Plantar) of the Toes Plantar Square lumbricals Plantar Interosseous dorsal interossei | Short Finger Extender Extensor hallucis brevis |
Medial Plantar Region
1. HALUX ABDUCT
Proximal Insertion : Calcaneus
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of hallux
Innervation : Medial Plantar Nerve (L5 - S1)
Action : Flexion and Abduction of the Hallux
2. SHORT HALUX FLEXOR
Proximal Insertion l: Cuboid and lateral cuneiform
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of hallux
Innervation : Medial and Lateral Plantar Nerve (L5 - S1)
Action : Flexion of the MF of the Hallux
3. HALUX ADDUCTOR
Proximal Insertion : 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatarsals
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of hallux
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Adduction of the Hallux
Lateral Plantar Region
1. MINIMUM ABDUTOR
Proximal Insertion : Calcaneus
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Abduction of the 5th finger
2. MINIMUM SHORT FLEXOR
Proximal Insertion : Cuboid
Distal Insertion : Proximal phalanx of 5th finger
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Flexion of the MF of the 5th Finger
3. MINIMUM OPPONENT
Proximal Insertion : Cuboid
Distal Insertion : 5th metatarsal
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Adduction of the 5th Metatarsal
Dorsal Region
1. SHORT FINGER EXTENDER
Proximal Insertion : Calcaneus
Distal Insertion : Tendon of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th extensor digitorum longus
Innervation : Deep Fibular Nerve (L5 – S1)
Action : Extension of the 2nd to 4th Fingers
2. SHORT HALUX EXTENDER
Proximal Insertion l: Calcaneus
Distal Insertion: Proximal phalanx of hallux
Innervation : Deep Fibular Nerve (L5 – S1)
Action : Extension of the hallux
Middle Plantar Region
1. SHORT FINGERS FLEXOR
Proximal Insertion : Calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis
Distal Insertion : Middle phalanx of 2nd to 5th fingers
Innervation : Medial Plantar Nerve (L5 - S1)
Action : Flexion of the IFP and IFD of the 2nd to 5th Fingers
2. PLANT SQUARE
Proximal Insertion : Calcaneus
Distal Insertion : Tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Flexion of the MF, IFP and IFD of the 2nd to 5th Fingers
3. LUMBRICALS
Proximal Insertion : Tendon of the flexor digitorum longus
Distal Insertion : Tendon of the extensor digitorum longus and proximal phalanx of the 2nd to 5th digits
Innervation : Medial Plantar Nerve (2nd and 3rd toes) and Lateral Plantar (4th and 5th toes) (L5 – S3)
Action : Flexion of the MF and Proprioception
4. PLANTAR INTEROSSES (3 Muscles)
Proximal Insertion : Medial border of 3rd to 5th metatarsals
Distal Insertion : Medial border of proximal phalanges of 3rd to 5th fingers
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Approximation (Adduction) of the Fingers and Flexion of the FM
5. DORSAL INTEROSSES (4 Muscles)
Proximal Insertion : Between the metatarsal bones
Distal Insertion : Bases of the proximal phalanges of the 2nd to 4th fingers and tendons of the long extensors of the fingers
Innervation : Lateral Plantar Nerve (S2 - S3)
Action : Retraction (Abduction) of the Fingers and Flexion of the MF
| FOOT MUSCLES Dorsal Region - Superficial Dissection |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| FOOT MUSCLES Dorsal Region - Deep Dissection |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| FOOT MUSCLES Plantar Region - Superficial Dissection |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| FOOT MUSCLES Plantar Region - First Layer |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| FOOT MUSCLES Plantar Region - Second Layer |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| FOOT MUSCLES Plantar Region - Third Layer |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |
| foot muscles dorsal interossei | foot muscles Plantar Interosseous | |
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| Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. | Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000. |