Hip Muscles

1. GLUTEUS MAXIMUM

Medial Insertion: Posterior gluteal line of iliac, sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament
Lateral Insertion : Ileotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity of femur
Innervation : Inferior Gluteal Nerve (L5 – S2)
Action : Extension and Lateral Rotation of the Hip

2. GLUTEUS MIDDLE

Superior Insertion : External surface of ileum between iliac crest, posterior and anterior gluteal line
Lower Insertion : Greater Trochanter
Innervation : Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4 – S1)
Action : Abduction and medial rotation of thigh

3. GLUTEUS MINIMUM

Superior Insertion : Iliac wing (between anterior and inferior gluteal line)
Lower Insertion : Greater Trochanter
Innervation : Superior Gluteal Nerve (L4 – S1)
Action : Abduction and Medial Rotation of Thigh. Anterior fibers perform Hip Flexion

4. PIRIFORM

Medial Insertion : Pelvic surface of sacrum and margin of greater sciatic notch
Lateral Insertion : Greater Trochanter
Innervation : Nerve to piriformis muscle (S2)
Action : Abduction and Lateral Rotation of Thigh

5. SUPERIOR TWIN

Medial Insertion : Ischial spine
Lateral Insertion : Greater Trochanter
Innervation : Nerve to superior gemini muscle (L5 – S2)
Action : Lateral Thigh Rotation

6. INTERNAL OBTURATORY

Medial Insertion : Inner face of obturator membrane and ischium
Lateral Insertion : Greater trochanter and trochanteric fossa of femur
Innervation : Nerve to internal obturator muscle (L5 – S2)
Action : Lateral Thigh Rotation

7. LOWER TWIN

Medial Insertion : Ischial Tuberosity
Lateral Insertion : Greater Trochanter
Innervation : Nerve to the inferior gemini muscle and quadratus femoris (L4 – S1)
Action : Lateral Thigh Rotation

8 . EXTERNAL PLUG

Medial Insertion: Branches of pubis and ischium and outer surface of obturator membrane
Lateral Insertion : Trochanteric Fossa of the Femur
Innervation : Nerve to external obturator muscle (L3 – L4)
Action : Lateral Thigh Rotation

9. FEMORAL SQUARE

Medial Insertion : Ischial Tuberosity
Lateral Insertion : Intertrochanteric Crest
Innervation : Nerve to quadratus femoris and inferior gemini muscle (L4 – S1)
Action : Lateral rotation and adduction of the thigh

HIP MUSCLES Posterior View - Superficial Dissection

Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.

HIP MUSCLES Posterior View - Deep Dissection

Source: NETTER, Frank H.. Atlas of Human Anatomy. 2nd edition Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2000.